LIST OF REASONS

INTRO : The World Health Organization (WHO) defines life expectancy at birth as "the average number of years that a newborn could expect to live if he or she were to pass through life exposed to the sex- and age-specific death rates prevailing at the time of his or her birth, for a specific year, in a given country, territory, or geographic area." In simpler terms, it is the average number of years a person is likely to live in a country if the prevailing death rates at each age remain the same over time (Akande in Ogundepo 2025 ). The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) similarly defines life expectancy at birth as how long, on average, a newborn can expect to live, if current death rates do not change (OECD, 2020, as cited in Onwube et al., 2021) . Furthermore, Sede and Ohemeng (2015) described it as the measure of the length of life expected to be lived by an individual at birth. No wonder Sharma (2018) noted that it is the most widely used indi...

INTRO : Government as a subject is the systematic study of the institutions, rules, and processes through which political authority is organized and exercised in a state. In Nigeria, studying Government means examining the 1999 Constitution, the three tiers: federal, state, and local, and how they allocate power, make laws, and deliver services (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999). One of the key reasons why we study Government in Nigeria is to understand these structures, because, as Pilling (2022) put it, "Almost all the energy, drive and wealth creation in Nigeria happens outside government,” yet the state is still expected to provide “basic education and health, rule of law, security, power, roads and digital infrastructure.” The reasons why we study Government in Nigeria are:  1. To Understand How the State Works: A core reason why we study Government in Nigeria is to know what each arm does. The Constitution’s Fourth Schedule lists local government’s residual functions, whil...

INTRO : Population density refers to “the number of persons per square kilometer of land,” calculated as Total Population ÷ Land Area (Britannica). Nigeria’s estimated density is about 96 persons/km², but distribution is uneven, with areas of high density above this figure and others below it. High population density occurs when many people live in a relatively small area, often driven by social, economic, and environmental factors. Nigeria, with “over 200 million people living in a relatively small land area,” is among Africa’s most densely populated nations. This article outlines five reasons for high population density in Nigeria , drawing on academic and public discourse as follows:  1. Industrialisation and Employment Opportunities: One major reason for high population density in Nigeria is the concentration of industries. Cities like Lagos, Ogun, and Kano “provide many job opportunities in factories, offices, and businesses,” attracting migrants seeking work. Industries pul...

Nigeria’s status as a developing country is the result of a complex interplay of historical, economic, demographic, and infrastructural factors that have shaped its growth trajectory over decades. At its core, a developing country is characterized by an ongoing process of industrialization, efforts toward economic stability, and the drive to elevate living standards for its citizens. Nigeria, endowed with vast natural resources and a vibrant, youthful population, embodies many of these characteristics, yet it simultaneously grapples with challenges that are emblematic of nations in the process of development. The reasons why Nigeria is a developing country is hereunder discussed. One of the foremost reasons Nigeria is considered a developing country is its relatively low per capita income. Despite being Africa’s largest economy and a nation with substantial oil revenues, the wealth generated is not evenly distributed among its more than 200 million citizens. A significan...

Nigeria’s economic landscape presents a fascinating study in balance, where the forces of free enterprise merge with deliberate government intervention to create a system that draws on the strengths of both market-driven and state-directed models. At the heart of this model is the recognition that a country’s prosperity hinges on the ability to harness entrepreneurial energy while simultaneously safeguarding the interests of society at large. In Nigeria, the mixed economy approach is not merely an economic policy but a strategic framework designed to maximize growth, stability, and social welfare in a rapidly changing global environment. The reasons for practicing mixed economy abound  The concept of a mixed economy rests on the idea that while private individuals and businesses should have the freedom to own and operate enterprises, the government must also step in to regulate, guide, and support economic activities in ways that ensure broader public benefits. In Nigeria, this du...

Indirect rule, as implemented by the British colonial administration in West Africa, was conceived as a strategy to govern vast and diverse territories by leveraging existing traditional power structures. Conceived by Lord Frederick Lugard, the system was first tried and tested in the northern regions of Nigeria, where established hierarchies and centralized forms of governance provided a ready-made framework for colonial oversight. However, when the same model was imposed on southern Nigeria—a region characterized by distinct cultural traditions and decentralized political structures—it encountered profound resistance and ultimately failed. The narrative of indirect rule in southern Nigeria is a complex tapestry of misaligned administrative policies, cultural insensitivity, and the unintended consequences of colonial interference, which together rendered the system unworkable in a society that prized communal decision-making and indigenous forms of leadership. The reasons why indirect...

The January 15, 1966 coup remains one of the most contentious events in Nigeria’s political history, often labelled an Igbo coup by critics and political analysts. This characterization stems from several factors, including the ethnic composition of the coup plotters, the regions that witnessed political assassinations, the response of Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, and the policies enacted following the coup. The debate over whether the coup was ethnically motivated or merely an attempt at correcting political instability continues to generate discussion. One of the primary reasons the January 1966 coup was referred to as an Igbo coup was the ethnic composition of the military officers who planned and executed it. The coup was largely orchestrated by young army officers, with Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu and Major Emmanuel Ifeajuna as the most prominent leaders. While Nzeogwu was born in the North and identified with the region, his ethnic roots were Igbo, and Ife...

The National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), established in 1992 by Decree 38,  serves as Nigeria’s apex regulatory authority for the broadcast industry. It derives its powers from the NBC Act Cap N11, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004. The Act mandates the Commission to license, monitor, and regulate the industry while also addressing public complaints. However, the NBC faces significant challenges in fulfilling its responsibilities , particularly in regulating certain content—especially political broadcasts—which have become increasingly pervasive. Additionally, the Commission is frequently accused of inaction or bias in favor of certain interests, despite its statutory duty to address public complaints and enforce broadcasting regulations. NBC regulates broadcast stations, accredits educational programs, enforces ethical standards, and mediates industry conflicts. Pundits explain that the National Broadcasting Commission was established to create a regulatory framework that...